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Corresponding Author

Mohamed Ismail Lafta

Authors ORCID

Mohamed Ismail Lafta: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3822-7438

Ahmed Yaseen Mohammed: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5922-053X

Omar Mohammed Dhayef: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8123-2269

Shihab A. Shawkat: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9529-2151

Khalid Saeed Lateef Al-Badri: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3678-4954

Wael Mohammed Mahdi: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-0133

Document Type

Article

Keywords

IoT agriculture, Smart greenhouse, IoT greenhouse, Precision farming, Precision agriculture

Abstract

Limited natural resources, particularly water, combined with climate change and rapid population growth, have created a need for modern agriculture. By 2050, the population is expected to reach 9.6 billion, placing a heavy burden on food production systems. Traditional farming methods are no longer able to meet demand in light of environmental constraints and dwindling resources. To address this problem, smart technologies have been adopted to improve agricultural efficiency, reduce resource waste, and enhance crop quality. The Internet of Things (IoT) stands out among these technologies for its ability to automate agricultural activities, allow for continuous and accurate monitoring, and help farmers make real-time decisions. This paper focuses on the design of an IoT-based greenhouse system, with an emphasis on real-time environmental control by monitoring temperature, soil moisture, and lighting. A software application was designed to monitor soil moisture, temperature, and light intensity using the Blynk platform. A comparison was made between a traditional greenhouse and a smart greenhouse, and a green bean crop was used for the experiment. Several vital parameters were controlled in the smart greenhouse, such as humidity (each greenhouse was divided into two humidity levels (%30 and %40), air temperature, and lighting. The smart greenhouse was controlled using the proposed system, while the other was managed using conventional methods. The results showed significantly superior growth indicators inside the smart greenhouse, including the number of leaves and root nodes, leaf area, number of pods per plant, bud weight, dry weight, and plant height. This demonstrates the promising future of the Internet of Things in the agricultural field.

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